Search results for " Melanocortin"

showing 10 items of 28 documents

The gliotransmitter ACBP controls feeding and energy homeostasis via the melanocortin system

2019

International audience; Glial cells have emerged as key players in the central control of energy balance and etiology of obesity. Astrocytes play a central role in neural communication via the release of gliotransmitters. Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP)-derived endozepines are secreted peptides that modulate the GABAA receptor. In the hypothalamus, ACBP is enriched in arcuate nucleus (ARC) astrocytes, ependymocytes and tanycytes. Central administration of the endozepine octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) reduces feeding and improves glucose tolerance, yet the contribution of endogenous ACBP in energy homeostasis is unknown. We demonstrated that ACBP deletion in GFAP+ astrocytes, but not in Nkx2.1-l…

0301 basic medicineMalePro-OpiomelanocortinGliotransmitter[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio][SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/NeurobiologyHyperphagiaEnergy homeostasisCell Lineneuroscience03 medical and health sciencesEatingMice0302 clinical medicineProopiomelanocortinCentral melanocortin systemmedicine[SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO]AnimalsObesityComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSDiazepam Binding InhibitorMice KnockoutNeuronsArc (protein)biologyChemistryGABAA receptorGeneral MedicineViral rescue[SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolismCell biology030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structure030220 oncology & carcinogenesisAstrocytesbiology.proteinFemale[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]MelanocortinEnergy Metabolismmetabolism[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathologyResearch Article
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A melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene polymorphism is useful for authentication of Massese sheep dairy products

2011

Massese is an Italian sheep breed, with black or grey coat colour, mainly reared in the Tuscany and Emilia Romagna regions. Recently, the emerging interests in this breed have resulted in the production of Pecorino cheese obtained with only Massese milk. In order to be profitable, this marketing link between Massese breed and its products should be defended against fraudsters who could include milk of other sheep breeds or cow milk in Massese labelled productions. To identify the genetic factors affecting coat colour in sheep, we have recently analysed the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene and identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this work, as a first step to set …

AUTHENTICATION OF FOOD PRODUCTSCoatVeterinary medicineSNPFood ContaminationSingle-nucleotide polymorphismBiologyPolymerase Chain ReactionPolymorphism Single NucleotideSensitivity and SpecificityMASSESECow milkSettore AGR/17 - Zootecnica Generale E Miglioramento GeneticoGene FrequencySpecies SpecificityCheesePolymorphism (computer science)MC1RAnimalsAlleleGeneticsSheepfood and beveragesDNAGeneral MedicineBreedMilkFemaleAnimal Science and ZoologyDairy Productsauthentication Massese MC1R mono-breed products sheep breeds SNPReceptor Melanocortin Type 1DAIRY SHEEPPolymorphism Restriction Fragment LengthMc1r geneFood ScienceMelanocortin 1 receptor
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Genetic screening for MC4R gene identifies three novel mutations associated with severe familiar obesity in a cohort of Spanish individuals

2019

Abstract MC4R gene is a hypothalamic satiety control mediator in which mutations cause a monogenic form of obesity. The aim of this study was to perform a genetic screening to identify variations in the entire region of MC4R gene. A total of 236 unrelated and severely obese patients (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) with Spanish ancestry and severe overweight familiar history have been enrolled into the study. Seven MC4R gene variants were identified in the heterozygous state in 21 patients. Coding variants p.Thr101Ile and p.Ala259Asp are new and variants p.Ser30Phe, p.Val103Ile and p.Ile251Leu were previously described. Two variants have been also observed in the promoter region of the MC4R gene; the c.-24…

AdultMale0301 basic medicineAdolescentObesity phenotypeIn silicoDNA Mutational AnalysisMutation MissenseOverweightBiologymedicine.disease_causePolymorphism Single NucleotideCohort StudiesYoung Adult03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineGeneticsmedicineHumansGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetic TestingGeneGenetic Association StudiesGeneticsMutationPromoterGeneral MedicineMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseObesityObesity MorbidPedigree030104 developmental biologySpainCase-Control Studies030220 oncology & carcinogenesisCohortReceptor Melanocortin Type 4Femalemedicine.symptomGene
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Associations of the FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes are modulated by diet, being higher when adherence to th…

2012

Background: Although the Fat Mass and Obesity (FTO) and Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) genes have been consistently associated with obesity risk, the association between the obesity-risk alleles with type 2 diabetes is still controversial. In some recent meta-analyses in which significant results have been reported, the associations disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). However gene-diet interactions with dietary patterns have not been investigated. Our main aim was to analyze whether these associations are modulated by the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). Methods: Case-control study in 7,052 high cardiovascular risk subjects (3,430 type 2 diabetes c…

Blood GlucoseMalelcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) systemmodelos logísticoscumplimiento del pacienteMediterranean dietEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismhumanosType 2 diabetesfrecuencia génicaMC4RDiet MediterraneanBody Mass IndexNutrigenomicsGene FrequencySurveys and QuestionnairesOdds Ratiomediana edadNutrigeneticsOriginal InvestigationAged 80 and overeducation.field_of_studyancianonutrigenómicaDiabetisdietamodelos linealesDiabetesayunodistribución de la ji al cuadradoFastingMiddle Agedcociente de probabilidades relativasestado nutricionalPhenotypeinteracción gen-ambientediabetes mellitusfenotipoReceptor Melanocortin Type 4FemaleDietaCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineFTONutrigenòmicamedicine.medical_specialtyglucosa sanguíneaGene-diet interactionsPopulationestudios de casos y controlesAlpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTONutritional StatusDiabetes mellitusInternal medicineMediterranean dietmedicineGenetic predispositionHumansGenetic Predisposition to Diseaseanálisis multifactorialeducationAgedChi-Square DistributionPolymorphism Geneticbusiness.industryproteínasíndice de masa corporalCase-control studyProteinsnutritional and metabolic diseasespredisposición genética a la enfermedadmedicine.diseaseObesityDietEndocrinologyLogistic ModelsDiabetes Mellitus Type 2lcsh:RC666-701SpainCase-Control StudiesMultivariate AnalysisLinear ModelsPatient ComplianceGene-Environment InteractionbusinessBody mass index
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The MC3 receptor binding affinity of melanocortins correlates with the nitric oxide production inhibition in mice brain inflammation model

2006

Melanocortins possess strong anti-inflammatory effects acting in the central nervous system via inhibition of the production of nitric oxide (NO) during brain inflammation. To shed more light into the role of melanocortin (MC) receptor subtypes involved we synthesized and evaluated some novel peptides, modified in the melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) core structure, natural MCs and known MC receptor selective peptides - MS05, MS06. Since the study included both selective, high affinity binders and the novel peptides, it was possible to do the correlation analysis of binding activities and the NO induction-related anti-inflammatory effect of the peptides. beta-MSH, gamma1-MSH, gamma2-MSH…

Central Nervous SystemLipopolysaccharidesMalemedicine.medical_specialtyInsectaLipopolysaccharidePhysiologyAnti-Inflammatory AgentsInflammationBiologyNitric OxideBiochemistryNitric oxideMiceCellular and Molecular Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundEndocrinologyMelanocortin receptorInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsReceptorMelanocortinsInflammationMice Inbred ICRintegumentary systemReceptors MelanocortinElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyCell biologyEndocrinologychemistryForebrainmedicine.symptomMelanocortinPeptideshormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsProtein BindingReceptor Melanocortin Type 3Peptides
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Single administration of tripeptide α-MSH(11-13) attenuates brain damage by reduced inflammation and apoptosis after experimental traumatic brain inj…

2013

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI) neuroinflammatory processes promote neuronal cell loss. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a neuropeptide with immunomodulatory properties, which may offer neuroprotection. Due to short half-life and pigmentary side-effects of α-MSH, the C-terminal tripeptide α-MSH(11-13) may be an anti-inflammatory alternative. The present study investigated the mRNA concentrations of the precursor hormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and of melanocortin receptors 1 and 4 (MC1R/MC4R) in naive mice and 15 min, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI). Regulation of POMC and MC4R expression did not change after trauma, while MC1R levels incr…

Central Nervous SystemMaleendocrine systemAnatomy and PhysiologyPro-OpiomelanocortinMouseScienceAnti-Inflammatory AgentsGene ExpressionApoptosisNeurological SystemImmunomodulationMiceModel OrganismsNeurorehabilitation and TraumaAnimalsMelanocyte-Stimulating HormonesBiologyCalcium-Binding ProteinsMicrofilament ProteinsQRBrainAnimal ModelsPeptide FragmentsMice Inbred C57BLHead InjuryNeurologyImmune SystemBrain InjuriesNervous System ComponentsCytokinesReceptor Melanocortin Type 4MedicineClinical ImmunologyMicrogliaInflammation MediatorsReceptor Melanocortin Type 1hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsResearch ArticleNervous System PhysiologyPLoS ONE
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Betulin binds to melanocortin receptors and antagonizes alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone induced cAMP generation in mouse melanoma cells.

2007

Betulin is a principal component of birch bark and is known to possess a broad range of biological activities, including antiinflammatory, antiviral and anticancer actions. The present study was carried out in vitro to clarify the influence of betulin on melanocortin (MC) receptor-ergic signalling by using COS-7 cells transfected with corresponding human MC receptor DNA. The results showed that betulin binds to the human melanocortin MC1, three to five receptors with selectivity to the MC1 subtype (K(i) value 1.022 +/- 0.115 microM). Betulin binds to the MC receptors with the following potency order-MC > MC3 > MC5 > MC4. Betulin itself does not stimulate cAMP generation, however, it slightl…

Clinical BiochemistryBiologyBiochemistryBinding Competitivechemistry.chemical_compoundMiceBetulinic acidChlorocebus aethiopsCyclic AMPAnimalsHumansReceptorMelanomaBetulinReceptors MelanocortinCell BiologyGeneral MedicineTransfectionIn vitroalpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormoneTriterpenesKineticsBiochemistrychemistryCell culturealpha-MSHCOS CellsMelanocortinCell biochemistry and function
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Unusual genomic structure: melanocortin receptors in Fugu.

2005

The melanocortin (MC) receptors are found in five subtypes in mammals and chicken, while recent studies have shown that the Fugu (Takifugu rubripes) genome has only four MC receptors and the zebrafish genome has six subtypes. The MC3 receptor seems to be missing from the two closely related pufferfishes, Fugu and Tetraodon (Tetraodon nigroviridis). The MC2 and MC5 receptors in the pufferfish have introns. Moreover, these two receptors are found in a tandem that is remarkably conserved in several vertebrate species. Here, we speculate about the genomic origin of the MC receptors.

Geneticsmedicine.medical_specialtyGenomebiologyTakifugu rubripesFuguGeneral NeuroscienceReceptors MelanocortinfungiSequence Analysis DNATetraodon nigroviridisbiology.organism_classificationGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyMelanocortin 3 receptorTakifuguEndocrinologyHistory and Philosophy of ScienceInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsMelanocortinReceptorTetraodonG protein-coupled receptorAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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Functional Evaluation of THIQ, a Melanocortin 4 Receptor Agonist, in Models of Food Intake and Inflammation

2007

The central melanocortinergic system plays an important role in regulating different aspects of energy homeostasis and the immunomodulatory response. In the present study, we evaluated the in vivo activities of food intake suppression and anti-inflammatory activity of THIQ, which has been proposed to possess high and selective melanocortin-4 receptor agonistic activity in vitro. The results showed that THIQ (0.1, 0.3 and 1 nmol/rat, intracerebroventricularly) is less effective in reducing food intake and body weights of rats than the non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan II. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements in mice brain tissue showed that THIQ at doses of 0.001 …

LipopolysaccharidesMaleAgonistmedicine.medical_specialtymedicine.drug_classAnti-Inflammatory AgentsBiologyNitric OxideToxicologyPeptides CyclicEnergy homeostasisEatingMiceMelanocortin receptorIn vivoTetrahydroisoquinolinesInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsRats WistarReceptorInjections IntraventricularInflammationPharmacologyMice Inbred ICRDose-Response Relationship DrugBody Weightdigestive oral and skin physiologyElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyBrainMelanotan IIGeneral MedicineTriazolesRatsMelanocortin 4 receptorDisease Models AnimalEndocrinologyalpha-MSHTHIQReceptor Melanocortin Type 4medicine.drugBasic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
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Beta-MSH inhibits brain inflammation via MC(3)/(4) receptors and impaired NF-kappaB signaling.

2005

The anti-inflammatory effects of melanocortin peptides have been demonstrated in different inflammation models. This is the first report describing the molecular mechanisms for the beta-MSH-induced suppression of bacterial lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-caused brain inflammation. We found that beta-MSH suppresses LPS-induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, and inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the following nitric oxide overproduction in the brain, in vivo. Moreover, administering the preferentially MC(4) receptor selective antagonist HS014 blocked completely these effects, suggesting a tentative MC(4) receptor mediated mechanism of actio…

LipopolysaccharidesMalemedicine.medical_specialtyImmunologyNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIInflammationElectrophoretic Mobility Shift AssayNitric OxidePeptides CyclicNitric oxidechemistry.chemical_compoundMiceInternal medicinebeta-MSHmedicineImmunology and AllergyAnimalsDrug InteractionsReceptorBrain ChemistryMice Inbred ICRbiologyDose-Response Relationship DrugImmunochemistryElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyNF-kappa BNF-κBHormonesCell biologyNitric oxide synthaseDisease Models AnimalEndocrinologyNeurologyMechanism of actionchemistrybiology.proteinEncephalitisReceptor Melanocortin Type 4Neurology (clinical)medicine.symptomMelanocortinSignal transductionhormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsReceptor Melanocortin Type 3Signal TransductionJournal of neuroimmunology
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